Stephen Jay Gould (1941-2002)
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چکیده
Stephen Jay Gould [3] studied snail fossils and worked at Harvard University [4] in Cambridge, Massachusetts during the latter half of the twentieth century. He contributed to philosophical, historical, and scientific ideas in paleontology, evolutionary theory, and developmental biology. Gould, with Niles Eldredge, proposed the theory of punctuated equilibrium, a view of evolution [5] by which species undergo long periods of stasis followed by rapid changes over relatively short periods instead of continually accumulating slow changes over millions of years. In his 1977 book, Ontogeny and Phylogeny [6], Gould reconstructed a history of developmental biology and stressed the importance of development to evolutionary biology. In a 1979 paper coauthored with Richard Lewontin, Gould and Lewonitn criticized many evolutionary bioligists for relying solely on adaptive evolution [5] as an explanation for morphological change, and for failing to consider other explanations, such as developmental constraints.
منابع مشابه
Geometric Similarity in Allometric Growth: A Contribution to the Problem of Scaling in the Evolution of Size
متن کامل
Ontogeny and the Explanation of Form: An Allometric Analysis Author(s):
Ontogeny and the Explanation of Form: An Allometric Analysis Author(s): Stephen Jay Gould Source: Memoir (The Paleontological Society), Vol. 2, Supplement to Vol. 42, no. 5 of the Journal of Paleontology. Paleobiological Aspects of Growth and Development: A Symposium (Sep., 1968), pp. 81-98 Published by: Paleontological Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1315520 Accessed: 01-04-201...
متن کاملStephen Jay Gould , Jack Sepkoski , and the ‘ Quantitative Revolution ’ in American Paleobiology
During the 1970s, a ‘‘revolution’’ in American paleobiology took place. It came about in part because a group of mostly young, ambitious paleontologists adapted many of the quantitative methodologies and techniques developed in fields including biology and ecology over the previous several decades to their own discipline. Stephen Jay Gould, who was then just beginning his career, joined others ...
متن کاملClaiming Darwin: Stephen Jay Gould in contests over evolutionary orthodoxy and public perception, 1977-2002.
This article analyzes the impact of the resurgence of American creationism in the early 1980s on debates within post-synthesis evolutionary biology. During this period, many evolutionists criticized Harvard biologist Stephen Jay Gould for publicizing his revisions to traditional Darwinian theory and opening evolution to criticism by creationists. Gould's theory of punctuated equilibrium was a s...
متن کاملJay Gould on species selection : 30 years of insight Bruce
—Stephen Jay Gould made impressive contributions to macroevolutionary theory; one of the topics in this area that particularly interested him was how to define and recognize species selection. Here we explore how and why Gould’s ideas on concepts related to species selection evolved over 30 years, from the punctuated equilibria paper of 1972 to his ‘‘Structure of Evolutionary Theory’’ magnum op...
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تاریخ انتشار 2017